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%% NAPOpen LaTeX template -- North American Publication Corp.
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\documentclass[submission]{napopen}
\addbibresource{references.bib}
%% Guidance printed above the reference list (delete in your manuscript)
\defbibnote{refguidance}{%
\bibfont\setlength\leftskip{\bibhang}\setlength\parindent{-\bibhang}%
Every citation appearing in the text, figures, or tables must
correspond to an entry in the reference list, and all items in the
reference list must be cited in the manuscript. References should be
arranged alphabetically by the first author's surname, and all
authors' names must be included (do not use ``et al.'' in the
reference list). Provide digital object identifiers (DOIs) whenever
available, and carefully verify all reference details, including
author names, title spellings, journal abbreviations, volume and issue
numbers, page ranges, and DOIs.\par
Citations and references included in the Supplementary Materials are
acceptable, provided they are also listed in the main reference
list.\par
In the text, citations should appear in parentheses with the author's
surname and the publication year---for example, (Author, Year). For
works with more than two authors, cite only the first author followed
by ``et al.'' in the text (e.g., Author et al., Year).\par
\vspace{13pt}}
%% ---------------------------------------------------------------
%% Article information (completed by the editorial office)
%% ---------------------------------------------------------------
\articletype{Type of the Paper} % e.g. Article, Review, Communication
\journalname{Journal}
\pubyear{2026}
\pubvolume{Vol}
\pubpages{pp}
\articledoi{10.19026/xxxxx}
\received{date}
\revised{date}
\accepted{date}
\published{date}
%% ---------------------------------------------------------------
%% Title, authors and affiliations
%% ---------------------------------------------------------------
\title{Title}
\author{First Author (Firstname Lastname)~\textsuperscript{1,\,*},
Second Author~\textsuperscript{2} and
Third author~\textsuperscript{1,\,2}}
\affil{1}{First affiliation, Laboratory, Institute, Department, Organization, City, State, Country}
\affil{2}{Second affiliation, Laboratory, Institute, Department, Organization, City, State, Country}
\correspondence{e-mail@email.com}
\phone{(Optional; include country code)}
\keywords{keyword 1; keyword 2; keyword 3 (List five to ten keywords
that accurately reflect the central themes and concepts of the article.)}
\begin{document}
\maketitle
\begin{abstract}
The abstract should consist of a single paragraph of no more than 250
words. For research articles, it must provide a clear and relevant
overview of the study. Authors are encouraged to follow a structured
approach---without using references, abbreviations, or subheadings---by
briefly outlining: (1) Background: State the specific problem or
question your study addresses and highlight the purpose of the study,
(2) Methods: Summarize the approach, design, or key techniques used,
(3) Results: Present the major findings---quantitative or
qualitative---as clearly and precisely as possible, and
(4) Conclusions: the main conclusions or interpretations. The abstract
should accurately reflect the content of the article, avoid presenting
unsupported or exaggerated findings, and must not include any results
that are not fully described within the main text.
\end{abstract}
%% Printed in submission mode only; not published with the article.
\scopestatement{Authors must include a 200-word scope statement that
summarizes the manuscript's relevance, focus, and contribution to the
journal and/or the specialty section. This scope statement will be used
internally by editors and reviewers during the validation and review
stages to assess the manuscript's suitability for the selected journal
or section. It will not be published with the final article.}
%% ===============================================================
\section{Introduction}
The Introduction should be concise and engaging, written as a single
section without subheadings. Its primary goal is to establish the
background, define the problem, and explain the study's purpose and
significance in the broader scientific context. For instance, a
practical introduction might begin with a compelling anecdote or a
thought-provoking question to engage the reader, followed by a brief
overview of the research topic and its importance.
\textbf{In short, the Introduction must answer the question:} What is
being studied? Why is it important? What was known before? How does
this study significantly advance our understanding, and how do its
findings impact the field?
In-text citations must correspond precisely to entries in the reference
list. Include the author's surname and the year of publication,
separated by a comma in small brackets---e.g., \parencite{patent2014}
or \parencite{inpress2026, print2018} or
\parencite{thesis2013, abstract2015, book2016}. For additional details,
please refer to the References section at the end of the document.
%% ===============================================================
\section{Materials and Methods}
The Materials and Methods section must provide sufficient detail for
others to replicate the study and build upon the published findings. By
submitting your manuscript, you acknowledge the responsibility to make
all related materials, data, computer code, and protocols available to
readers. Any restrictions on the availability of these resources should
be disclosed at the time of submission. New methods and protocols
should be fully described, while established methods may be summarized
and properly cited.
For research manuscripts that include large datasets deposited in
publicly accessible databases, the repository location and
corresponding accession numbers must be provided. If accession numbers
are not yet available at submission, please indicate that they will be
supplied during the review process; they must be included before
publication.
Studies involving human or animal interventions, or any research
requiring ethical approval, must identify the approving authority and
provide the relevant ethics approval code.
When applicable, authors must also disclose how generative artificial
intelligence (GenAI) tools were used in the preparation of the
manuscript---for example, in generating text, data, graphics, or
contributing to study design, data collection, analysis, or
interpretation. Use of GenAI strictly for surface-level editing, such as
grammar, spelling, punctuation, or formatting, does not require
disclosure.
%% ===============================================================
\section{Results}
The Results section presents the findings of your study clearly and
objectively, without interpretation. It should follow a logical
sequence and may be divided into subheadings for clarity. Avoid
footnotes---include all necessary details directly in the text.
\subsection{Subsection}
\subsubsection{Sub-subsection}
Bulleted lists can be added as follows:
\begin{itemize}
\item First bullet;
\item Second bullet;
\item Third bullet.
\end{itemize}
Numbered lists can be added as follows:
\begin{enumerate}
\item First Item;
\item Second Item;
\item Third Item.
\end{enumerate}
The text continues here.
\subsection{Figures}
To ensure the highest-quality publication of figures, please submit all
digital artwork at the correct resolution, size, and file format.
Upload each figure as a separate file during the final submission
process; do not embed figures within the main document. Figures must be
cited in consecutive order within the text (e.g., \figref{fig:single}),
and individual figure parts should be labeled using lowercase letters
(\textbf{Fig.~\ref{fig:panels}a, b}).
\begin{figure}
\includegraphics[width=144.06mm]{figures/figure1}
\caption{The figure must have a concise caption that clearly describes
its content.}
\label{fig:single}
\end{figure}
\begin{figure}
\begin{subfigure}{0.5\linewidth}
\centering
\includegraphics[width=62.5mm]{figures/figure2a}
\caption{}
\end{subfigure}%
\begin{subfigure}{0.5\linewidth}
\centering
\includegraphics[width=62.5mm]{figures/figure2b}
\caption{}
\end{subfigure}
\caption{Multi-panel figures must be uploaded as one combined file. In
the figure legend, describe each panel individually in order---for
example: (a) description of the first panel; (b) description of the
second panel.}
\label{fig:panels}
\end{figure}
\subsection{Tables}
Tables should be used to present precise numerical data that illustrate
comparisons or relationships. Each table must be entirely
understandable on its own, without requiring reference to the main
text, figures, or other tables, and authors should avoid repeating
information already presented elsewhere. Tables must also be cited in
consecutive order within the text (e.g., \tabref{tab:simple}).
\begin{table}
\caption{Place the caption directly above the table and ensure it is
concise and fully self-explanatory.}
\label{tab:simple}
\begin{tabularx}{\linewidth}{XXXX}
\toprule
\textbf{Title 1} & \textbf{Title 2} & \textbf{Title 3} & \textbf{Title 4} \\
\midrule
entry 1 & data~\textsuperscript{a} & data & data \\
entry 2 & data & data & data \\
entry 3 & data & data & data \\
entry 4 & data & data & data \\
\bottomrule
\end{tabularx}
\begin{tablefooter}
\textsuperscript{a} The table footnotes are placed below the table in this section.
\end{tablefooter}
\end{table}
The text continues here (\tabref{tab:multi}).
\begin{table}
\caption{Multi-title table layout}
\label{tab:multi}
\begin{tabularx}{\linewidth}{XXXXX}
\toprule
& \multicolumn{2}{l}{\textbf{Title 1}} & \multicolumn{2}{l}{\textbf{Title 2}} \\
\midrule
\textbf{entry 1} & \textbf{subtitle 1} & \textbf{subtitle 2} & \textbf{subtitle 3} & \textbf{subtitle 4} \\
& data & data & data & data \\
& data & data & data & data \\
\textbf{entry 2} & \textbf{subtitle 1} & \textbf{subtitle 2} & \textbf{subtitle 3} & \textbf{subtitle 4} \\
& data & data & data & data \\
& data & data & data & data \\
\textbf{entry 3}~* & \textbf{data} & \textbf{data} & \textbf{data} & \textbf{data} \\
\bottomrule
\end{tabularx}
\begin{tablefooter}
* The table footnotes are placed below the table in this section.
\end{tablefooter}
\end{table}
\subsection{Mathematical Formatting Guidelines}
Example 1 below illustrates equation formatting.
\begin{equation}
x = y + z + 100
\label{eq:example1}
\end{equation}
Subsequent text may continue in the same paragraph, and equations
should be punctuated in the same manner as standard prose.
Example 2 below illustrates equation formatting.
\begin{equation}
\begin{split}
x &= a + b + c \\
&= d + e + f
\end{split}
\label{eq:example2}
\end{equation}
Subsequent text may continue in the same paragraph, and equations
should be punctuated in the same manner as standard prose.
The following format may be used for theorem-type environments,
including propositions, lemmas, and corollaries:
\begin{theorem}
Example text of a theorem. All theorem-type statements---including
propositions and lemmas---should be numbered in a single, continuous
sequence. In contrast, examples and remarks should retain separate
numbering systems, resulting in documents that may include Theorem 1,
Remark 1, and Example 1.
\end{theorem}
\begin{proof}[Proof of Theorem 1]
Text of the evidence. Ensure that each proof ends with the standard
end-of-proof mark.
\end{proof}
The text continues here.
%% ===============================================================
\section{Discussion}
The Discussion interprets your findings, situates them within the
existing knowledge, and highlights their broader significance. It
should explain how your work advances understanding, addresses
limitations, and points toward future research directions. Subheadings
may be used for clarity.
%% ===============================================================
\section{Conclusions}
The Conclusion should provide a clear and concise summary of the
paper's key findings, interpretations, and overall contributions. It
serves as the final impression for readers and should reinforce the
importance and impact of the work presented.
%% ===============================================================
\section{End Matter}
This section is optional and should be included only if the work
reported in the manuscript has resulted in one or more patents.
\supplementary{The following supporting information can be downloaded
at: \url{https://www.napopen.com/SI/doi}, Figure S1: title; Table S1:
title.}
\dataavailability{We encourage all authors publishing in NAP journals to
make their research data accessible. In this section, please specify
where the data supporting the reported findings can be located,
including links to any publicly archived datasets generated or analyzed
during the study. If no new data were produced, or if data cannot be
shared due to privacy or ethical constraints, a statement is still
required. Recommended Data Availability Statements are available in the
``NAP Ethical and Research Data Policies'' section at
\url{https://www.napopen.com/guidelines/editorial-policies}.}
\authorcontributions{For research articles with multiple authors, a
brief statement outlining each author's specific contributions is
required. The following format should be used: ``Conceptualization,
X.X. and Y.Y.; methodology, X.X.; software, X.X.; validation, X.X., Y.Y.
and Z.Z.; formal analysis, X.X.; investigation, X.X.; resources, X.X.;
data curation, X.X.; writing---original draft preparation, X.X.;
writing---review and editing, X.X.; visualization, X.X.; supervision,
X.X.; project administration, X.X.; funding acquisition, Y.Y. All
authors have read and approved the final version of the manuscript.''
Please refer to the \href{https://credit.niso.org/}{CRediT taxonomy}
for definitions of contributor roles. Authorship should be restricted
to individuals who have made substantial contributions to the work.}
\funding{Please include one of the following statements, as
appropriate: ``This research received no external funding,'' or ``This
research was funded by [Name of Funder], grant number [XXX],'' along
with ``The APC was funded by [XXX].'' Ensure that all funding
information is accurate and that the official spelling of funding
agency names matches the listings at
\url{https://search.crossref.org/funding}. Incorrect information may
impact future funding records.}
\acknowledgments{In this section, acknowledge any support that is not
addressed in the Author Contributions or Funding statements. This may
include editorial or technical assistance, as well as in-kind
contributions such as donated materials used in the research. If
generative artificial intelligence (GenAI) tools were used---for
example, to generate text, data, or graphics, or to aid in study
design, data collection, analysis, or interpretation---please include
the following statement: ``During the preparation of this
manuscript/study, the author(s) used [tool name, version] for
[description of use]. The authors have reviewed and edited the output
and take full responsibility for the content of this publication.''}
\competinginterest{Authors must disclose any competing interests or
explicitly state, ``The authors declare no competing interests.'' Any
personal circumstances or relationships that could be viewed as
influencing the presentation or interpretation of the research must be
clearly identified. Additionally, authors must specify the role of
funders---if any---in the study's design, data collection, analysis,
interpretation, manuscript preparation, or the decision to publish. If
funders had no involvement, please include the statement: ``The funders
had no role in the design of the study; in the collection, analyses, or
interpretation of data; in the writing of the manuscript; or in the
decision to publish the results.''}
%% ===============================================================
\section*{Abbreviations}
\noindentpar{Authors should follow recognized international standards
for terminology, abbreviations, units, and scientific naming. The
following abbreviations are used in this manuscript:}
\begin{abbreviations}
NAP & North American Publication \\
GLM & General Linear Model \\
QA & Quality Assurance \\
SEM & Standard Error of Mean \\
\end{abbreviations}
%% ===============================================================
\appendix
\section{}
\subsection{}
Appendices are optional and typically appear only when such
supplementary content adds genuine value to the paper. In most
published articles, they are used sparingly. The Appendix (or
Appendices) provides supplementary material that supports the main text
but is not essential for understanding the core content of the paper.
It allows authors to include additional details, data, or explanations
that clarify or expand on key points without interrupting the main
narrative.
\begin{table}
\caption{Table caption.}
\label{tab:appendix}
\begin{tabularx}{\linewidth}{XXX}
\toprule
\textbf{Title 1} & \textbf{Title 2} & \textbf{Title 3} \\
\midrule
entry 1 & data 1 & data 1 \\
entry 2 & data 2 & data 2 \\
entry 3 & data 3 & data 3 \\
\bottomrule
\end{tabularx}
\end{table}
\section{}
All appendix sections must be referenced in the main text. Within the
appendices, figures, tables, and other elements should be labeled using
the corresponding appendix letter---e.g., Appendix A: Figure A1,
Figure A2; Appendix B: Table B1, Figure B1, and so on.
%% ===============================================================
\nocite{*}
\printbibliography[heading=napopen, prenote=refguidance]
\end{document}
